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Publicación Palliative Care: A Human Rights Approach to Health CareIsabel Pereira-AranaThis report compiles the results of a research project aimed at describing the current palliative care situation in eight Latin American countries. The project’s general objective—to raise awareness and influence public policy around the need to approach palliative care from a human rights perspective—was achieved through rapprochement among professionals from various fields in the region, which in and of itself is a key step forward in terms of bringing together communities that defend patients’ rights with communities that advocate a drug policy embracing a public health focus. We hope that this diagnostic report is useful for professional associations, health professionals, patients’ rights advocates, drug policy reform activists, and decision makers, who can rely on its findings to better integrate palliative care into general health services and to use human rights language to promote public policy reform and guarantee the human rights of those in the Americas who suffer from severe and chronic pain.Publicación Resumen ejecutivo Principios fiscales cannábicos: elementos para el debate regulatorio en ColombiaAlejandro Rodríguez Llach; Luis Felipe Cruz-Olivera; Isabel Pereira-AranaEn medio de la ola regulatoria del cannabis para uso adulto que atraviesan varios países y jurisdicciones, las posibilidades en Colombia para girar hacia este necesario modelo son más viables. En este paper resaltamos la necesidad de incluir las dimensiones tributarias del debate. Será crucial la forma como la regulación movilice recursos para cumplir sus propios objetivos mismos de la regulación - proteger la salud pública y debilitar el narcotráfico - pero también para una regulación que en efecto tenga potenciales reparadores - promoviendo desarrollo rural en las zonas más afectadas, y medidas específicas de reparación a las comunidades que fueron víctimas de la guerra contra la marihuana. A partir de un balance de contexto de la situación colombiana, y de un análisis comparado del marco fiscal de la regulación en otras jurisdicciones, ofrecemos una serie de principios de tributación cannábica para la eventual regulación en Colombia. Estos principios están fundamentados en las Directrices internacionales de política fiscal y derechos humanos y en la aplicación de conceptos sobre justicia social y reparación a un escenario de regulación.Publicación Executive Summary Fiscal Policy in the Regulation of Adult-Use Cannabis in ColombiaAlejandro Rodríguez Llach; Luis Felipe Cruz-Olivera; Isabel Pereira-AranaThe debate about regulating cannabis for adult use is on the public agenda. In our view, the best policy on marijuana that a State can develop is the regulation of its cultivation, manufacture and use, focused on reducing marijuana’s comparative impact in illegal economies and drug trafficking networks; protecting public health; promoting rural development in prioritized areas; and promoting reparation measures financed with the resources arising from regulation. Drugs are not the devil, but nor are they child’s play. A drug policy that would be respectful of human rights and safeguard public health must lie at an intermediate point between full liberalization and the prohibition currently in place. In this document, based on a comparative analysis of the regulations issued in Uruguay, Canada and the United States and by applying the Principles and Guidelines for Human Rights in Fiscal Policy, we argue for the importance of a fiscal framework based on collecting taxes in the cannabis market and focused on mobilizing the maximum amount of available resources to finance the goals of reducing the illegal market, preserving public health and assisting the populations affected by drug policy, as set forth in the cannabis regulations.Publicación Fiscal Policy in the Regulation of Adult-Use Cannabis in ColombiaAlejandro Rodríguez Llach; Luis Felipe Cruz-Olivera; Isabel Pereira-AranaThe debate about regulating cannabis for adult use is on the public agenda. In our view, the best policy on marijuana that a State can develop is the regulation of its cultivation, manufacture and use, focused on reducing marijuana’s comparative impact in illegal economies and drug trafficking networks; protecting public health; promoting rural development in prioritized areas; and promoting reparation measures financed with the resources arising from regulation. Drugs are not the devil, but nor are they child’s play. A drug policy that would be respectful of human rights and safeguard public health must lie at an intermediate point between full liberalization and the prohibition currently in place. In this document, based on a comparative analysis of the regulations issued in Uruguay, Canada and the United States and by applying the Principles and Guidelines for Human Rights in Fiscal Policy, we argue for the importance of a fiscal framework based on collecting taxes in the cannabis market and focused on mobilizing the maximum amount of available resources to finance the goals of reducing the illegal market, preserving public health and assisting the populations affected by drug policy, as set forth in the cannabis regulations.Publicación Argumentos y vías para la ratificación de la Convención Interamericana sobre Personas MayoresIsabel Pereira-Arana; Julián Salamanca LatorreEl 15 de junio de 2015 la Asamblea General de la Organización de Estados Americanos (OEA) adoptó el texto de la Convención Interamericana sobre la Protección de los Derechos Humanos de las Personas Mayores (en adelante, Convención sobre Personas Mayores).La Convención, única en su tipo, parte del respeto que se le debe a los derechos humanos y la necesidad de su promoción y protección a partir de lo establecido en la Declaración Americana de Derechos y Deberes del Hombre y en la Declaración Universal de los Derechos Humanos, entre otros instrumentos. Parte del principio de que la búsqueda del ideal de un ser humano libre, exento de temor y miseria solo puede mantenerse en tanto se garanticen condiciones de vida que le permitan a cada persona disfrutar de sus derechos sin discriminación alguna, en particular por motivos de edad.Publicación Informe a la Oficina del Alto Comisionado de los Derechos Humanos. Impactos de la política de drogas a los DDHH en Colombia y visión para el futuroPaula Aguirre Ospina; Adriana Muro Polo; Luis Felipe Cruz-Olivera; Isabel Pereira-AranaDesde Elementa y Dejusticia celebramos la oportunidad de presentar insumos a la Oficina del Alto Comisionado para los Derechos Humanos y consideramos que es fundamental que se prioricen cinco temas de importancia para la garantía de derechos. El contexto actual presenta oportunidades de avanzar hacia una política de drogas con enfoque de derechos y justicia social que le apueste a un cambio de estrategias, consolidando una aproximación que permita diagnosticar los daños causados por la política prohibicionista e identificar a las poblaciones directamente afectadas por su implementación para poder repararlas, como lo recomendó la Comisión para el Esclarecimiento de la Verdad, la Convivencia y la No Repetición (CEV).Publicación Aliviar el hacinamiento carcelario: Salvavidas en tiempos de COVIDAlejandro Corda; Rose Marie Achá; Isabel Pereira-Arana; Ernesto Cortés Amador; Diego Piñol Arriagada; Jorge Paladines Rodríguez; Catalina Pérez Correa; Ricardo Soberón; Gianella Bardazano Gradin; Andrés Antillano; Coletta YoungersLa declaración global de la pandemia de la covid-19 a inicios de marzo agravó la crisis carcelaria que se vivía en las Américas desde hace décadas. De reformas necesarias, se pasó al punto crítico de exigir reformas urgentes para facilitar la descongestión y garantizar el derecho a la salud y a la vida de las personas privadas de la libertad. De esta manera, la covid-19 ha puesto al límite los sistemas penitenciarios, ya que desde el primer momento en que el virus entra a los centros de reclusión se puede esperar, bajo las condiciones actuales, que (i) la gran mayoría de la población probablemente resulte contagiada, (ii) que las personas privadas de la libertad con condiciones subyacentes de salud mueran a una tasa más alta que sus pares por fuera de la prisión y, por lo tanto, (iii) se podría hablar de una catástrofe humanitaria en las cárceles.Publicación A balancing act. Drug policy in Colombia after UNGASS 2016Isabel Pereira-Arana; Luis Felipe Cruz-OliveraThis document is the result of a project developed by Dejusticia in cooperation with the Ministry of Justice and Law of Colombia and the British Embassy in Colombia, with funds from the United Kingdom through its embassy in Colombia. During 2016, two historic events were held to reflect about drug strategies in Colombia: the United Nations Special Session on the World Drug Problem (UNGASS 2016) and the signing of the Peace Agreement between the Government and the FARC-EP, which includes the agreement on the “Solution to the problem of illicit drugs”. In light of the commitments made by the Colombian State, there are challenges and possibilities for drug policy reform, particularly when hoping to achieve a better balance between a criminalization perspective and the recognition and guarantee of rights to populations affected by prohibition’s harmful effects. This balancing exercise calls for incorporating the lens of the 2030 Sustainable Development Agenda and its Objectives, as well as for integrating the sectors of defense, rural and agrarian development, protection and sustainable use of environmental resources, health and education, together with the efforts of peacebuilding in the territories most affected by war and drug trafficking. To achieve the goals proposed in these documents, the role of the international community in the coming years will be fundamental. The United Kingdom Embassy, concerned to broaden its horizons of cooperation, offers to share lessons learned and experiences hoping to improve institutional capacities to meet the challenges of organized crime, rural development, and the prevention and treatment of drug use. Thus, this document presents recommendations for cooperation between these two governments in the light of agreed obligations as well as opportunities to harmonize drug policy and peacebuilding.Publicación Voices from the Coca Fields: Women Building Rural CommunitiesAna Jimena Bautista Revelo; Blanca Capacho Niño; Luis Felipe Cruz-Olivera; Margarita Martínez Osorio; Isabel Pereira-Arana; Lucía Ramírez BolívarColombia’s response to the country’s drug problem has been based on the repression of the weakest links in the drug chain—namely consumers and small farmers—which has led to disproportionate rates of imprisonment and has involved a heavy focus on forced crop eradication. Not only has such an approach failed to effectively control the cocaine market, but it has also unleashed harmful side effects in terms of security, social development, and human rights as they concern communities in coca-growing areas. Moreover, although scholars and practitioners have analyzed Colombia’s drug problem from a variety of perspectives, these efforts have tended to overlook women’s experiences. This report explores the ways that rural norms, gender structures, the armed conflict, and illegal markets have played out in the lives of women coca growers in Colombia’s Andes-Amazon region, an area distinguished by the presence of illegal armed groups, violence, poverty, and weak state institutions. In this region of Colombia, coca cultivation has offered an important source of income for rural families, which in turn has affected women’s roles in society and has placed them in a vulnerable position vis- à-vis armed actors. The Andes-Amazon region is an area where the country’s war on drugs and its armed conflict converged and unmasked the gender structures dominating the countryside. These structures affected rural women in various ways: through everyday violence, the fumigation of illicit and licit crops alike, and women’s stigmatization due to their involvement in an illegal trade. But coca was also a source of livelihood that helped them attain economic independence and gave them the ability to improve their well-being and that of their families. The recent peace accord signed between the Colombian government and the country’s main guerrilla group represents a historic opportunity to learn from past mistakes in terms of the illicit crop problem and the social and political demands of coca-growing communities. Against this backdrop, it is time to recognize the contributions that women coca growers have made in both the public and the private spheres toward the construction of a peaceful countryside in the most remote and forgotten regions of the country.