Serie Dejusticia
URI permanente para esta colecciónhttps://publicaciones.dejusticia.org/handle/dejusticia/10
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Publicación Reflexiones sobre el cuidado como derecho en ColombiaLucía Ramírez Bolívar; Margarita Martínez Osorio; Nathalia Samhil González Gutiérrez; Anyer Mosquera SánchezEl 20 de enero de 2023, el Estado de Argentina presentó ante la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos una solicitud de Opinión Consultiva sobre “el contenido y el alcance del derecho al cuidado y su interrelación con otros derechos”. Esta solicitud no es aislada ni fortuita. Por el contrario, se inscribe en un contexto en el que, gracias a décadas de activismo feminista, desde la academia y la sociedad civil en la región, los Estados han comenzado a incorporar el cuidado dentro de sus agendas, bien sea estableciendo políticas públicas, poniendo en marcha sistemas de cuidado, o avanzando en la construcción de marcos normativos que reconozcan al cuidado como un derecho y al Estado como su principal garante. El eventual pronunciamiento de la Corte Interamericana resultará fundamental para fijar un estándar regional que contribuya a fortalecer las iniciativas de los Estados que ya han avanzado en la regulación del cuidado como un derecho y a promover estas mismas regulaciones en aquellos países en donde no ha habido tantos desarrollos. En ese contexto, el objetivo de esta investigación es brindar herramientas conceptuales, normativas y jurisprudenciales que aporten a la construcción de una definición y regulación del cuidado como derecho fundamental y autónomo en Colombia. Para ello, este documento sistematiza y analiza los estándares internacionales y regionales de derechos humanos, así como la normatividad y jurisprudencia nacional y de otros países de la región relacionados con el cuidado. Los hallazgos de esta investigación pueden convertirse en un insumo para que las instituciones competentes del Estado colombiano avancen en la regulación del cuidado como un derecho.Publicación El uso del derecho como herramienta de transformación en América LatinaJose Roberto Gabriel Pereira; Catalina SmulovitzEste libro ofrece una discusión interdisciplinaria sobre uno de los fenómenos más destacados de las democracias latinoamericanas de los últimos años: el uso del derecho, y especialmente del litigio, como herramienta de transformación social y política. Mucho se ha escrito sobre este fenómeno, conocido también como judicialización de la política, en el mundo académico anglosajón; sin embargo, en la región latinoamericana, los trabajos multidisciplinarios y comparativos sobre el mismo son escasos. Este volumen intenta subsanar este vacío incorporando no solo estas perspectivas al análisis del fenómeno, sino también la mirada de investigadores jóvenes y de otros más experimentados, así como la de autores provenientes de distintos países de la región. Por otro lado, este volumen busca ser un punto de encuentro entre dos miradas sobre la judicialización de la política. El análisis de este fenómeno ha sido abordado de forma fragmentada en la región por la academia jurídica que busca delinear los contornos conceptuales y procesales del fenómeno, y por sociólogos y politólogos que explicaron cómo el fenómeno jurídico interactúa con el entramado social, político y cultural en el cual se inscribe. Para ese fin, este trabajo incluye un conjunto de trabajos orientados a analizar y dimensionar los avances, retrocesos e innovaciones dogmáticas e institucionales que se han registrado en el derecho latinoamericano, así como la relación de los mismos con la expansión y uso que adquirió el derecho como herramienta para la acción. El trabajo de esta obra colectiva ha sido guiado por interrogantes tales como ¿Qué factores determinan que algunos grupos sociales utilicen, o no, la estrategia del litigio para llevar adelante sus reclamos colectivos en situaciones particulares? ¿Qué dinámicas del contexto político doméstico y regional determinan la extensión del activismo de jueces en casos específicos? O ¿Cuáles han sido las consecuencias específicas y particulares de algunos de estos procesos?Publicación Resumen ejecutivo: Entre coacción y colaboración: Verdad judicial, actores económicos y conflicto armado en ColombiaSabine Michalowski; Daniel Marín LópezAunque es claro que muchos de los actores económicos carecen de responsabilidad en el conflicto, y otros han sido víctimas de este, algunas investigaciones han demostrado que existen muchos que sí tuvieron un papel determinante en el origen, el desarrollo y la perpetuación de los ciclos de violencia armada en el país. Con la firma e implementación del Acuerdo Final de Paz entre el Gobierno de Colombia y las (FARC-EP) se ha puesto en marcha un complejo sistema de justicia transicional denominado Sistema Integral de Verdad, Justicia, Reparación y No Repetición. El Sistema está integrado fundamentalmente por una Comisión de Esclarecimiento de la Verdad, una Unidad de Búsqueda de Personas dadas por Desaparecidas y una jurisdicción transitoria encargada de judicializar a los responsables de los crímenes más graves y representativos ocurridos durante el largo conflicto armado colombiano, la Jurisdicción Especial para la Paz, JEP. A esto se suman las medidas existentes de reparación a víctimas y un conjunto de herramientas para garantías de no repetición. Una de las preguntas que guió esta investigación partió del supuesto de que los terceros civiles tendrían que rendir cuentas ante la JEP. Lo anterior llevaba a pensar si existía justificación para incluir a terceros civiles en el componente penal de la justicia transicional creado a partir del AFP para dar un cierre jurídico al conflicto armado interno colombiano. Es por ello que Dejusticia y la Universidad de Essex decidió analizar las implicaciones de este marco de rendición de cuentas frente al rol de los «actores económicos» dentro del conflicto armado colombiano, dándole vida a un libro que se aproxima a las respuestas de tantas preguntas que dejó el acuerdo.Publicación Inter-American Human Rights System: Changing times, ongoing challengesCamila Barreto Maia; Edurne Cárdenas; Daniel Cerqueira; Raísa Cetra; Gastón Chillier; Mariana González Armijo; Celeste Kauffman; Gabriela Kletzel; Laura Lyons Cerón; Jefferson Nascimento; Miguel Pulido Jiménez; Silvia Ruiz Cervantes; César Rodríguez Garavito; Jaqueline Sáenz Andujo; Katya Salazar; María Sánchez de Tagle; Nelson Camilo Sánchez León; Pétalla TimoThis book chronicles how a group of Latin American human rights organizations worked together to develop new strategies monitor the so-called “strengthening process” of the CIDH. In recent years, the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights (IACHR) has been intensively debating its role and authority. Several States raised the need to reevaluate the work of the institution in light of the current reality of the region. In addition to discussions on their tools, their strategic agenda and their thematic priorities were questioned. It was a complex process, due to the diversity of stakeholders involved, in which some legitimate criticisms of the work of the IACHR were mixed with proposals that put at risk several of its essential faculties and its own autonomy and independence.Publicación Law, Trade, and Nutrition Labeling: Reflections and Experiences from Latin AmericaDiana Guarnizo Peralta (Ed.); René Urueña Hernández (Ed.); Juan Martín Carballo (Ed.)Overweight and obesity are two of the most pressing issues on today’s public health agenda. Latin America in particular is home to some of the world’s highest consumption levels of sugar-sweetened beverages and ultra-processed foods, putting its population at greater risk of noncommunicable diseases. To promote healthier eating environments and habits, the World Health Organization and Pan American Health Organization have called on countries to adopt a variety of measures, including front-of-package warning labels based on the best available scientific evidence. Several countries in the region, such as Chile, Mexico, and Peru, have adopted the octagonal warning label model, with positive results. However, the adoption of these and similar policies has not been easy. The ultra-processed food industry has put up significant resistance, citing economic, political, and legal concerns. In particular, it has argued that such policies violate international trade agreements, despite the fact that international law allows for exceptions in favor of legitimate objectives such as public health. This multi-authored volume contributes to the debate on the adoption of front-ofpackage nutrition labeling from two perspectives. First, from a legal viewpoint, the book’s authors examine the main arguments against this public health measure and provide counterarguments based on international law. Second, from a lived experience perspective, the authors recount how they successfully advocated for this public health policy in their respective countries and overcame opposition. The book offers a perspective from the Global South on front-of-package warning labels, one of the most important obesity prevention policies in recent years. It is aimed at academics, activists, and others interested in the intersections of public health, law, and international trade.Publicación Beyond the Binary: Securing Peace and Promoting Justice after ConflictNelson Camilo Sánchez León; Rodrigo Uprimny Yepes; Howard Varney; Michael Schwarz; Tatiana Rincón-Covelli; Claudio Nash Rojas; Tara Van Ho; Oscar Parra VeraThe main objective of Beyond the Binary is to place on record the need to formulate answers to the question of the role that criminal action and punishment should play in negotiated political transitions from war to peace. Discussions on the meaning and scope of concepts such as justice, accountability, and victim satisfaction continue to be fervent topics in specialized circles of what is now known as “the transitional justice field,” and in societies suffering from mass violence. Instead of solving the practical and theoretical dilemmas of these interpretative disputes, the experience and knowledge accumulated over the more than three decades that this field has been in existence have served only to deepen the debates and to adapt more of these discussions to new and constantly-changing scenarios and contexts. The main objective of Beyond the Binary is to place on record the need to formulate answers to the question of the role that criminal action and punishment should play in negotiated political transitions from war to peace. There are two reasons for our making this observation. On one hand, given the institutional, legal, and political challenges facing societies that nowadays attempt to take this step, there is a need for the issue to be analyzed. On the other hand, the conclusion reached from an initial analysis is that the academic and practical discussion seems to be trapped into a polarizing discussion between those who defend a legal interpretation of the duty to investigate, prosecute, and punish, which appears to threaten the possibility of achieving negotiated transitions, and those who, in order to prevent that risk, deny or resent the existence or consolidation of such a principle. The central purpose of this book is to initiate a conversation on how to resolve difficult dilemmas. We appreciate that some of the proposals may come across as controversial, but what we are looking for is, precisely, to open up the possibility of thinking in innovative ways about how to confront these challenges. Una discusión similar se da en el libro Justicia para la paz: Crímenes atroces, derecho a la justicia y paz negociada, en español.Publicación Civil Resistance Against 21st Century Authoritarianism. Defending Human Rights in the Global SouthRajanya Bose; Sebastián Becker Castellaro; Kerem Çiftçioğlu; Ektaa Deochand; Natalia Mendoza Servín; Ezequiel Monsalve Fernández; Jennifer Peralta; Slavenska ZecPopulist authoritarian governments have jeopardized the human rights accomplishments of the 20th century. Ensuring their fulfillment has become a challenge for these governments and an issue for human rights defenders seeking to find ways to resist anti-democratic actions. This book seeks to expose the crisis of human rights at the hands of people who, despite rising to power through democratic means, now see democracy as a limiting institution that must be dismantled urgently. Restrictions on civil society and arbitrary detentions are some of the reasons why this populist and authoritarian vision is incompatible with human rights, which are guaranteed to some and denied to others. Through various narratives, the authors seek to recognize new spaces for struggle—such as political activism—to develop action-research tools in a context of crisis.Publicación Fighting the tide: Human Rights and Environmental Justice in the Global SouthCésar Rodríguez Garavito (Dir.)This text forms part of a long-term project undertaken by Dejusticia as part of its international work. The project revolves around the Global Action-Research Workshop for Young Human Rights Advocates that Dejusticia organizes each year to foster connections among and train a new generation of action researchers. The workshop helps participants develop action-research tools, understood as the combination of rigorous research and practical experience in social justice causes. For ten days, Dejusticia brings approximately fifteen participants and ten expert instructors to Colombia for a series of practical and interactive sessions on research, narrative writing, multimedia communication, and strategic reflection on the future of human rights. The aim is to strengthen participants’ capacity to produce hybrid-style texts that are at once rigorous and appealing to wide audiences. Participants are selected on the basis of an article proposal, which is then discussed during the workshop and subsequently developed with the help of an expert mentor (one of the instructors) over ten months until a publishable version is achieved, such as the chapters that make up this volume. The workshop also offers participants the opportunity to take advantage of new technologies and translate the results of their research and activism into diverse formats—from blogs, videos, and multimedia to social network communications and academic articles. Therefore, in addition to the annual volume comprising participants’ texts and instructors’ reflections, the workshop produces a blog in Spanish and English that features weekly entries by workshop alumni, written in the style described above. The title of the blog—Amphibious Accounts: Human Rights Stories from the Global South—owes itself to the fact that action research is “amphibious” in that its practitioners move seamlessly between different environments and worlds, from academic and political circles to local communities to media outlets to state entities. For those who are dedicated to the promotion of human rights, this often implies navigating these worlds in the global North and South alike. Each year, the workshop is centered on a particular current issue. In 2014, the topic was the intersections between human rights and environmental justice that I outlined at the beginning of this introduction. In addition to providing coherence to the book and the group of participants, the selected topic determines the workshop site in Colombia—for the sessions are held not in a classroom or convention center but in the middle of the field, in the very communities and places that are witnessing the issue firsthand.Publicación Human Rights in Minefields: Extractive Economies, Environmental Conflicts, and Social Justice in the Global SouthCésar Rodríguez Garavito (Dir.)Este libro reúne los relatos de 16 investigadores activistas del Sur Global sobre diferentes temas de derechos humanos en sus respectivos países. Son el resultado del primer taller de investigación-acción que llevó a cabo Dejusticia.Publicación Amphibious Research: Action Research in a Multimedia WorldCésar Rodríguez GaravitoThis book explores the advantages and challenges of this type of work. Closely interacting with diverse audiences tends to give the action researcher greater empirical accuracy and relevance, and also serves as a source of motivation. Nevertheless, it can also lead to the risk of dispersion, lack of analytical distance, and burnout. To help researchers capitalize on these advantages and overcome the difficulties, this book proposes a new technique—“amphibious research.” This technique, which is based on methodological approaches and hybrid styles of writing, allows action researchers to gather contributions from different fields and to circulate their results in multimedia formats.